Peter L. Carlen, MD, FRCP(C), was trained in Medicine and Neurology at the University of Toronto. He studied cellular electrophysiology for three years at the Neurobiology Department of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He then returned to Toronto where he was a staff neurologist and researcher at the Toronto Western Hospital and the Addiction Research Foundation starting in 1975. In 1989, he was appointed Director of the Playfair Neuroscience Unit and Neuroscience Research at the University Health Network for a 10 year term, where he is now a senior scientist and neurological clinician. He is also a professor in the Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology of the University of Toronto. His main research interests are mechanisms of neural synchrony and entrainment (epilepsy, movement disorders), neuroprotection and CNS aging.