William A. Cramer received Bachelor’s and Doctoral degrees, respectively, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago, the latter degree in biophysics. He carried out postdoctoral research at the University of California/San Diego, where he was a Postdoctoral Fellow of the National Science Foundation. He then assumed a faculty position in the Department of Biological Sciences at Purdue University where his research has focused on the structure-function of membrane proteins, membrane proteins that function in protein import and energy transduction. His teaching has centered on membrane proteins, bioenergetics, and ethics in research. He is presently the Henry Koffler Distinguished Professor of Biological Sciences. He has authored or co-authored 250 publications on his research, and co-authored a textbook on Energy Transduction in Biological Membranes. He has been the Chair of Gordon Conferences and the national meeting of the Biophysical Society, and has served on the editorial boards of numerous scientific journals. Dr. Cramer’s research studies have been supported principally by the General Medical Sciences Institute of the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Agriculture. He has been the recipient of a National Institutes of Health Research Career Development Award, the Herbert Newby McCoy Award from Purdue University for Achievements in Science, and the Charles F. Kettering Award from the American Society of Plant Physiology. He has been a Fellow of the European Molecular Biology Organization, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, and is a Fellow of the Biophysical Society.